66 research outputs found
Stripes ordering in self-stratification experiments of binary and ternary granular mixtures
The self-stratification of binary and ternary granular mixtures has been
experimentally investigated. Ternary mixtures lead to a particular ordering of
the strates which was not accounted for in former explanations. Bouncing grains
are found to have an important effect on strate formation. A complementary
mechanism for self-stratification of binary and ternary granular mixtures is
proposed.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. submitted for pubication, guess wher
Traveling length and minimal traveling time for flow through percolation networks with long-range spatial correlations
We study the distributions of traveling length l and minimal traveling time t
through two-dimensional percolation porous media characterized by long-range
spatial correlations. We model the dynamics of fluid displacement by the
convective movement of tracer particles driven by a pressure difference between
two fixed sites (''wells'') separated by Euclidean distance r. For strongly
correlated pore networks at criticality, we find that the probability
distribution functions P(l) and P(t) follow the same scaling Ansatz originally
proposed for the uncorrelated case, but with quite different scaling exponents.
We relate these changes in dynamical behavior to the main morphological
difference between correlated and uncorrelated clusters, namely, the
compactness of their backbones. Our simulations reveal that the dynamical
scaling exponents for correlated geometries take values intermediate between
the uncorrelated and homogeneous limiting cases
How people interact in evolving online affiliation networks
The study of human interactions is of central importance for understanding the behavior of individuals, groups, and societies. Here, we observe the formation and evolution of networks by monitoring the addition of all new links, and we analyze quantitatively the tendencies used to create ties in these evolving online affiliation networks. We show that an accurate estimation of these probabilistic tendencies can be achieved only by following the time evolution of the network. Inferences about the reason for the existence of links using statistical analysis of network snapshots must therefore be made with great caution. Here, we start by characterizing every single link when the tie was established in the network. This information allows us to describe the probabilistic tendencies of tie formation and extract meaningful sociological conclusions. We also find significant differences in behavioral traits in the social tendencies among individuals according to their degree of activity, gender, age, popularity, and other attributes. For instance, in the particular data sets analyzed here, we find that women reciprocate connections 3 times as much as men and that this difference increases with age. Men tend to connect with the most popular people more often than women do, across all ages. On the other hand, triangular tie tendencies are similar, independent of gender, and show an increase with age. These results require further validation in other social settings. Our findings can be useful to build models of realistic social network structures and to discover the underlying laws that govern establishment of ties in evolving social networks
Learning and generation of long-range correlated sequences
We study the capability to learn and to generate long-range, power-law
correlated sequences by a fully connected asymmetric network. The focus is set
on the ability of neural networks to extract statistical features from a
sequence. We demonstrate that the average power-law behavior is learnable,
namely, the sequence generated by the trained network obeys the same
statistical behavior. The interplay between a correlated weight matrix and the
sequence generated by such a network is explored. A weight matrix with a
power-law correlation function along the vertical direction, gives rise to a
sequence with a similar statistical behavior.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
The Role of Friction in Compaction and Segregation of Granular Materials
We investigate the role of friction in compaction and segregation of granular
materials by combining Edwards' thermodynamic hypothesis with a simple
mechanical model and mean-field based geometrical calculations. Systems of
single species with large friction coefficients are found to compact less.
Binary mixtures of grains differing in frictional properties are found to
segregate at high compactivities, in contrary to granular mixtures differing in
size, which segregate at low compactivities. A phase diagram for segregation
vs. friction coefficients of the two species is generated. Finally, the
characteristics of segregation are related directly to the volume fraction
without the explicit use of the yet unclear notion of compactivity.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Scaling of the localization length in linear electronic and vibrational systems with long-range correlated disorder
The localization lengths of long-range correlated disordered chains are
studied for electronic wavefunctions in the Anderson model and for vibrational
states. A scaling theory close to the band edge is developed in the Anderson
model and supported by numerical simulations. This scaling theory is mapped
onto the vibrational case at small frequencies. It is shown that for small
frequencies, unexpectateley the localization length is smaller for correlated
than for uncorrelated chains.Comment: to be published in PRB, 4 pages, 2 Figure
Scaling detection in time series: diffusion entropy analysis
The methods currently used to determine the scaling exponent of a complex
dynamic process described by a time series are based on the numerical
evaluation of variance. This means that all of them can be safely applied only
to the case where ordinary statistical properties hold true even if strange
kinetics are involved. We illustrate a method of statistical analysis based on
the Shannon entropy of the diffusion process generated by the time series,
called Diffusion Entropy Analysis (DEA). We adopt artificial Gauss and L\'{e}vy
time series, as prototypes of ordinary and anomalus statistics, respectively,
and we analyse them with the DEA and four ordinary methods of analysis, some of
which are very popular. We show that the DEA determines the correct scaling
exponent even when the statistical properties, as well as the dynamic
properties, are anomalous. The other four methods produce correct results in
the Gauss case but fail to detect the correct scaling in the case of L\'{e}vy
statistics.Comment: 21 pages,10 figures, 1 tabl
Granular spirals on erodible sand bed submitted to a circular fluid motion
An experimental study of a granular surface submitted to a circular fluid
motion is presented. The appearance of an instability along the sand-water
interface is observed beyond a critical radius . This creates ripples with
a spiral shape on the granular surface. A phase diagram of such patterns is
constructed and discussed as a function of the rotation speed of the
flow and as a function of the height of water above the surface. The study
of as a function of , and parameters is reported.
Thereafter, is shown to depend on the rotation speed according to a power
law. The ripple wavelength is found to decrease when the rotation speed
increases and is proportional to the radial distance . The azimuthal angle
\az of the spiral arms is studied. It is found that \az scales with . This lead to the conclusion that \az depends on the fluid momentum.
Comparison with experiments performed with fluids allows us to state that the
spiral patterns are not the signature of an instability of the boundary layer.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, using RevTeX4, submitted for
publication (2002
Phase transitions in the steady state behavior of mechanically perturbed spin glasses and ferromagnets
We analyze the steady state regime of systems interpolating between spin
glasses and ferromagnets under a tapping dynamics recently introduced by
analogy with the dynamics of mechanically perturbed granular media. A crossover
from a second order to first order ferromagnetic transition as a function of
the spin coupling distribution is found. The flat measure over blocked states
introduced by Edwards for granular media is used to explain this scenario.
Annealed calculations of the Edwards entropy are shown to qualitatively explain
the nature of the phase transitions. A Monte-Carlo construction of the Edwards
measure confirms that this explanation is also quantitatively accurate
Geometry of Frictionless and Frictional Sphere Packings
We study static packings of frictionless and frictional spheres in three
dimensions, obtained via molecular dynamics simulations, in which we vary
particle hardness, friction coefficient, and coefficient of restitution.
Although frictionless packings of hard-spheres are always isostatic (with six
contacts) regardless of construction history and restitution coefficient,
frictional packings achieve a multitude of hyperstatic packings that depend on
system parameters and construction history. Instead of immediately dropping to
four, the coordination number reduces smoothly from as the friction
coefficient between two particles is increased.Comment: 6 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
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